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Of the wealth
of material shaping the work of the laity, we rely
primarily on the Apostolic Exhortation Christifideles
Laici by Pope John Paul II (1988); and of that material which
relates the history and development of the Church's social
teaching, we rely primarily on the two-volume work, Christian
Social Witness and Teaching: The Catholic Tradition from Genesis to
Centesimus Annus by Rodger Charles S.J. (1998) and his earlier
work, The Social Teaching of Vatican II: Its Origin and
Development (1982); and of that material which defines the
social teaching of the Church, we rely primarily on the seminal
encyclical on socialism of Pope Leo XIII in 1878, Quod
Apostolici Muneris, and on that identified by Pope Benedict
XVI in (and including) his 2005 Encyclical Deus Caritas
Est, and his recent encyclicals, Spe Salvi, in 2007
and Caritas in Veritate, in
2009.
" 27. It must be admitted that the
Church's leadership was slow to realize that the issue of the just
structuring of society needed to be approached in a new way. There
were some pioneers, such as Bishop Kettler of Mainz (died 1877),
and concrete needs were met by a growing number of groups,
associations, leagues, federations and, in particular, by the new
religious orders founded in the nineteenth century to combat
poverty, disease and the need for better education. In 1891, the
papal magisterium intervened with the Encyclical Rerum
Novarum of Leo XIII. This was followed in 1931 by Pius XI's
Encyclical Quadragesimo Anno. In 1961 Blessed John XXIII
published the Encyclical Mater et Magistra, while Paul VI,
in the Encyclical Populorum Progressio (1967) and in the
Apostolic Letter Octogesima Adveniens (1971), insistently
addressed the social problem, which had meanwhile become especially
acute in Latin America. My great predecessor John Paul II left us a
trilogy of social Encyclicals: Laborem Exercens (1981),
Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (1987) and finally Centesimus
Annus (1991). Faced with new situations and issues, Catholic
social teaching thus gradually developed, and has now found a
comprehensive presentation in the Compendium of the Social
Doctrine of the Church published in 2004 by the Pontifical
Council Iustitia et Pax. Marxism had seen world revolution
and its preliminaries as the panacea for the social problem:
revolution and the subsequent collectivization of the means of
production, so it was claimed, would immediately change things for
the better. This illusion has vanished. In today's complex
situation, not least because of the growth of a globalized economy,
the Church's social doctrine has become a set of fundamental
guidelines offering approaches that are valid even beyond the
confines of the Church: in the face of ongoing development these
guidelines need to be addressed in the context of dialogue with all
those seriously concerned for humanity and for the world in which
we live." (Deus Caritas Est #27)
***
Dom
Jean-Baptiste Chautard, O.C.S.O. (1946) teaches us what is
necessary to hold and grow the soul of the
apostolate:
"SEVENTH TRUTH. I must seriously fear that I do not have the degree of interior
life that Jesus demands of me:
"1. If I cease to
increase my thirst to live in Jesus, that thirst which
gives me both the desire to please God in all things, and the fear
of displeasing Him in any way whatsoever. But I necessarily cease
to increase this thirst if I no longer make use of the means for
doing so: morning mental-prayer, Mass, Sacraments, and Office,
general and particular examinations of conscience, and spiritual
reading; or if, while not altogether abandoning them, I draw no
profit from them, through my own fault.
"2. If I do not have
that minimum of recollection which will allow me, during
my work, to watch over my heart and keep it pure and
generous enough not to silence the voice of Our Lord when
He warns me of the elements of death, as soon as they show
themselves, and urges me to fight them. Now I cannot possibly
retain this minimum if I make no use of the means that will secure
it: liturgical life, aspirations, especially in the form of
supplication, spiritual communion, practice of the presence of God,
and so on.
"Without this, my
life will soon be crawling with venial sins, perhaps without my
being aware of it, self-delusion will throw up the smoke
screen of a seeming piety that is more speculative than practical,
or of my ambition for good works, to hide this state from me, or
even to conceal a condition more appalling still! And yet my
blindness will be imputed to me as sin since, by failing to foster
the recollection indispensible to it, I shall have fomented and
encouraged its very cause." (The Soul of the Apostolate,
pp. 16-17)
As an
additional work of the apostolate, Lampstand maintains a
daily weblog commenting on the public square from a Catholic
perspective, A Catholic Eye, http://catholiceye.blogspot.com
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